Testing listening effort for speech comprehension
Resumé
When listening in noise, an individual's cognitive capabilities seem to play an important role. The individual's limited working memory capacity will gradually be consumed by processing the auditory information in increasing background noise, leading to less spare capacity. Good fitting of hearing aids can be seen as a way to ease listening effort, and therefore an objective measure of listening effort would be a useful tool when fitting hearing aids. The aim of the present study was to develop a test of cognitive spare capacity to assess if worse signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would result in greater objectively measured listening effort. In the Auditory Inference Span Test (AIST) sentences were presented in stationary speech-shaped noise, at three SNRs, and then questions generating different memory load levels were asked about the content of the sentences. Listeners with normal hearing showed decreasing accuracy with increasing cognitive load and slower responses at maximum cognitive load. However, no relation between SNR and cognitive spare capacity could be established in this study.Referencer
Akeroyd, M.A. (2008). "Are individual differences in speech reception related to individual differences in cognitive ability? A survey of twenty experimental studies with normal and hearing-impaired adults" Int. J. Audiol., 47, pp. 53-71.
Baddeley, A. (2000). "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?" Trends. Cogn. Sci., 4, pp. 417-423.
Baddeley, A., Logie, R.H., Nimmo-Smith, I., and Brereton, N. (1985). "Components of fluent reading" J. Mem. Lang., 24, pp. 119-131.
Daneman, M. and Carpenter, P.A. (1980). "Individual differences in working memory and reading" J. V. Learn. Verb. Beha., 19, pp. 450-467.
Daneman, M. and Merikle, P.M. (1996). "Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analyses". Psychon. Bull. Rev., 3, pp. 422-433.
Edwards, B. (2007). "The future of hearing aid technology" Trends. Amplif., 11, pp. 31-46.
Foo, C., Rudner, M., Rö nnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2007). "Recognition of speech in noise with new hearing instrument compression release settings requires explicit cognitive storage and processing capacity" J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 18, pp. 618-631.
Gatehouse, S., Nayler, G., and Elberling, C. (2003). "Benefits from hearing aids in relation to the interaction between the user and the environment" Int. J. Audiol., 42, pp. 77-85.
Hagerman, B. (1982). "Sentences for testing speech intelligibility in noise" Scand. Audiol., 11, pp. 79-87.
Hagerman, B. and Kinnefors, C. (1995). "Efficient adaptive methods for measuring speech reception threshold in quiet and in noise" Scand. Audiol., 24, pp. 71-77.
Hicks, C.B. and Tharpe, A.M. (2002). "Listening effort and fatigue in school-age children with and without hearing loss" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 45, pp. 573-584.
Larsby, B., Hällgren, M., Lyxell, B., and Arlinger, S. (2005). "Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects" Int. J. Audiol., 44, pp. 131-143.
Lunner, T. (2003). "Cognitive function in relation to hearing aid use" Int. J. Audiol., 42, Suppl 1, pp. 49-58.
Mishra, S., Rudner, M., Lunner, T., and Rönnberg, J. (2010). "Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity" in Proceedings of ISAAR 2009: Binaural Processing and Spatial Hearing. 2nd International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research. Elsinore, Denmark. Edited by J.M. Buchholz, T. Dau, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, and T. Poulsen. ISBN: 87-990013-2-2. (The Danavox Jubilee Foundation, Copenhagen), pp. 305-313.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N.P., Emerson, M.J., Witzki, A.H., Howerter, A., and Wager, T.D. (2000). "The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis" Cogn. Psychol., 41, pp. 49-100.
Pichora-Fuller, M.K. (2007). "Audition and cognition: What audiologists need to know about listening". In: Palmer, C, Seewald, R (Eds), Proceedings of the Adult Conference Phonak, pp. 77-85.
Pichora-Fuller, M.K. and Singh, G. (2006). "Effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing: Implications for hearing aid fitting and audiologic rehabilitation" Trends. Amplif., 10, pp. 29-59.
Rönnberg, J., Arlinger, S., Lyxell, B., and Kinnefors, C. (1989). "Visual evoked potentials: Relation to adult speechreading and cognitive function" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 32, pp. 725-735.
Rönnberg, N., Stenfelt, S., and Rudner, M. (2011). "Testing listening effort for speech comprehension using the individuals’ cognitive spare capacity" Audiology Research, 1(1), e22. doi:10.4081/audiores.2011.e22.
Rudner, M., Foo, C., Rönnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2009). "Cognition and aided speech recognition in noise: Specific role for cognitive factors following nineweek experience with adjusted compression settings in hearing aids" Scand. J. Psychol., 50, pp. 405-418.
Rudner, M., Rönnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2011). "Working memory supports listening in noise for persons with hearing impairment" J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 22, pp. 156-167.
Sarampalis, A., Kalluri, S., Edwards, B., and Haftner, E. (2009). "Objective measures of listening effort: Effects of background noise and noise reduction" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 52, pp. 1230-1240.
Schneider, B.A. (2011). "How age affects auditory-cognitive interactions in speech comprehension" Audiology Research, 1(1), e10. doi:10.4081/audiores.2011.e10.
Stenfelt, S. and Rönnberg, J. (2009). "The Signal-Cognition interface: Interactions between degraded auditory signals and cognitive processes" Scand. J. Psychol., 50, pp. 385-393.
Tun, P.A., McCoy, S., and Wingfield, A. (2009). "Aging, hearing acuity, and the attentional costs of effortful listening" Psychol. Aging, 24, pp. 761-766.
Zekveld, A.A., Kramer, S.E., and Festen, J.M. (2010). "Pupil response as an indication of effortful listening - the influence of sentence intelligibility" Ear Hear., 31, pp. 480-490.
Baddeley, A. (2000). "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?" Trends. Cogn. Sci., 4, pp. 417-423.
Baddeley, A., Logie, R.H., Nimmo-Smith, I., and Brereton, N. (1985). "Components of fluent reading" J. Mem. Lang., 24, pp. 119-131.
Daneman, M. and Carpenter, P.A. (1980). "Individual differences in working memory and reading" J. V. Learn. Verb. Beha., 19, pp. 450-467.
Daneman, M. and Merikle, P.M. (1996). "Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analyses". Psychon. Bull. Rev., 3, pp. 422-433.
Edwards, B. (2007). "The future of hearing aid technology" Trends. Amplif., 11, pp. 31-46.
Foo, C., Rudner, M., Rö nnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2007). "Recognition of speech in noise with new hearing instrument compression release settings requires explicit cognitive storage and processing capacity" J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 18, pp. 618-631.
Gatehouse, S., Nayler, G., and Elberling, C. (2003). "Benefits from hearing aids in relation to the interaction between the user and the environment" Int. J. Audiol., 42, pp. 77-85.
Hagerman, B. (1982). "Sentences for testing speech intelligibility in noise" Scand. Audiol., 11, pp. 79-87.
Hagerman, B. and Kinnefors, C. (1995). "Efficient adaptive methods for measuring speech reception threshold in quiet and in noise" Scand. Audiol., 24, pp. 71-77.
Hicks, C.B. and Tharpe, A.M. (2002). "Listening effort and fatigue in school-age children with and without hearing loss" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 45, pp. 573-584.
Larsby, B., Hällgren, M., Lyxell, B., and Arlinger, S. (2005). "Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects" Int. J. Audiol., 44, pp. 131-143.
Lunner, T. (2003). "Cognitive function in relation to hearing aid use" Int. J. Audiol., 42, Suppl 1, pp. 49-58.
Mishra, S., Rudner, M., Lunner, T., and Rönnberg, J. (2010). "Speech understanding and cognitive spare capacity" in Proceedings of ISAAR 2009: Binaural Processing and Spatial Hearing. 2nd International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research. Elsinore, Denmark. Edited by J.M. Buchholz, T. Dau, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, and T. Poulsen. ISBN: 87-990013-2-2. (The Danavox Jubilee Foundation, Copenhagen), pp. 305-313.
Miyake, A., Friedman, N.P., Emerson, M.J., Witzki, A.H., Howerter, A., and Wager, T.D. (2000). "The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis" Cogn. Psychol., 41, pp. 49-100.
Pichora-Fuller, M.K. (2007). "Audition and cognition: What audiologists need to know about listening". In: Palmer, C, Seewald, R (Eds), Proceedings of the Adult Conference Phonak, pp. 77-85.
Pichora-Fuller, M.K. and Singh, G. (2006). "Effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing: Implications for hearing aid fitting and audiologic rehabilitation" Trends. Amplif., 10, pp. 29-59.
Rönnberg, J., Arlinger, S., Lyxell, B., and Kinnefors, C. (1989). "Visual evoked potentials: Relation to adult speechreading and cognitive function" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 32, pp. 725-735.
Rönnberg, N., Stenfelt, S., and Rudner, M. (2011). "Testing listening effort for speech comprehension using the individuals’ cognitive spare capacity" Audiology Research, 1(1), e22. doi:10.4081/audiores.2011.e22.
Rudner, M., Foo, C., Rönnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2009). "Cognition and aided speech recognition in noise: Specific role for cognitive factors following nineweek experience with adjusted compression settings in hearing aids" Scand. J. Psychol., 50, pp. 405-418.
Rudner, M., Rönnberg, J., and Lunner, T. (2011). "Working memory supports listening in noise for persons with hearing impairment" J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 22, pp. 156-167.
Sarampalis, A., Kalluri, S., Edwards, B., and Haftner, E. (2009). "Objective measures of listening effort: Effects of background noise and noise reduction" J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 52, pp. 1230-1240.
Schneider, B.A. (2011). "How age affects auditory-cognitive interactions in speech comprehension" Audiology Research, 1(1), e10. doi:10.4081/audiores.2011.e10.
Stenfelt, S. and Rönnberg, J. (2009). "The Signal-Cognition interface: Interactions between degraded auditory signals and cognitive processes" Scand. J. Psychol., 50, pp. 385-393.
Tun, P.A., McCoy, S., and Wingfield, A. (2009). "Aging, hearing acuity, and the attentional costs of effortful listening" Psychol. Aging, 24, pp. 761-766.
Zekveld, A.A., Kramer, S.E., and Festen, J.M. (2010). "Pupil response as an indication of effortful listening - the influence of sentence intelligibility" Ear Hear., 31, pp. 480-490.
Downloads
Publiceret
2011-12-15
Citation/Eksport
Rönnberg, N., Stenfelt, S., Rudner, M., & Lunner, T. (2011). Testing listening effort for speech comprehension. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research, 3, 73–80. Hentet fra https://proceedings.isaar.eu/index.php/isaarproc/article/view/2011-08
Nummer
Sektion
2011/1. Indicators of hearing impairment and measures of speech perception
Licens
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright* and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
*From the 2017 issue onward. The Danavox Jubilee Foundation owns the copyright of all articles published in the 1969-2015 issues. However, authors are still allowed to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
