The role of temporal fine structure in normal and impaired hearing
Abstract
Any complex sound that enters the normal ear is decomposed by the auditory lters into a series of relatively narrowband signals. Each of these signals can be considered as a slowly varying envelope (E) superimposed on a more rapid temporal fine structure (TFS). In this chapter, I consider the role played by TFS in a variety of psychoacoustic tasks; the role of TFS in speech perception is considered in a companion chapter (Lorenzi and Moore, this volume). I argue that cues derived from TFS play an important role in the ability to “listen in the dips” of a fluctuating background sound, and that TFS cues influence effects such as comodulation masking release. I argue further that TFS cues also play a role in pitch perception and sound localisation. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. The perceptual consequences of this, and reasons why it may happen, are discussed.
References
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Buss, E., Hall, J. W., 3rd, and Grose, J. H. (2004). "Temporal ne-structure cues to speech and pure tone modulation in observers with sensorineural hearing loss," Ear Hear. 25, 242-250.
Buus, S. (1985). "Release from masking caused by envelope fluctuations," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1958-1965.
Carney, L. H., Heinz, M. G., Evilsizer, M. E., Gilkey, R. H., and Colburn, H. S. (2002). "Auditory phase opponency: A temporal model for masked detection at low frequencies," Acta Acustica - Acustica 88, 334-346.
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Fastl, H. (1975). "Loudness and masking patterns of narrow noise bands," Acustica 33, 266-271.
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Glasberg, B. R., and Moore, B. C. J. (1990). "Derivation of auditory filter shapes from notched-noise data," Hear. Res. 47, 103-138.
Gockel, H., Moore, B. C. J., and Carlyon, R. P. (2001). "In uence of rate of change of frequency on the overall pitch of frequency modulated tones," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 701-712.
Grantham, D. W., and Wightman, F. L. (1978). "Detectability of varying interaural temporal differences," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 511-523.
Grantham, D. W., and Wightman, F. L. (1979). "Detectability of a pulsed tone in the presence of a masker with time-varying interaural correlation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1509-1517.
Hall, J. W., Haggard, M. P., and Fernandes, M. A. (1984). "Detection in noise by spectro-temporal pattern analysis," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 50-56.
Harrison, R. V., and Evans, E. F. (1979). "Some aspects of temporal coding by single cochlear fibres from regions of cochlear hair cell degeneration in the guinea pig," Arch. Otolaryngol. 224, 71-78.
Hopkins, K., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007). "Moderate cochlear hearing loss leads to a reduced ability to use temporal fine structure information," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 1055-1068.
Huss, M., and Moore, B. C. J. (2005). "Dead regions and pitch perception," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3841-3852.
Kohlrausch, A., Fassel, R., and Dau, T. (2000). "The in uence of carrier level and frequency on modulation and beat-detection thresholds for sinusoidal carriers," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 723-734.
Lacher-Fougère, S., and Demany, L. (1998). "Modulation detection by normal and hearing-impaired listeners," Audiology 37, 109-121.
Lacher-Fougère, S., and Demany, L. (2005). "Consequences of cochlear damage for the detection of interaural phase differences," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2519-2526.
Liberman, M. C., and Dodds, L. W. (1984). "Single neuron labeling and chronic cochlea pathology. III. Stereocilia damage and alterations in threshold tuning curves," Hear. Res. 16, 54-74.
Loeb, G. E., White, M. W., and Merzenich, M. M. (1983). "Spatial cross correlation: A proposed mechanism for acoustic pitch perception," Biol. Cybern. 47, 149-163.
Lorenzi, C., Gilbert, G., Carn, C., Garnier, S., and Moore, B. C. J. (2006). "Speech perception problems of the hearing impaired reflect inability to use temporal fine structure," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 103, 18866-18869.
Moore, B. C. J. (1982). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 2nd Ed. (Academic Press, London).
Moore, B. C. J. (1988). "Dynamic aspects of auditory masking," in Auditory Function: Neurobiological Bases of Hearing, edited by G. Edelman, W. Gall and W. Cowan (Wiley, New York).
Moore, B. C. J. (1992). "Across-channel processes in auditory masking," J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn. (E) 13, 25-37.
Moore, B. C. J. (2003). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 5th Ed. (Academic Press, San Diego).
Moore, B. C. J. (2007). Cochlear Hearing Loss: Physiological, Psychological and Technical Issues (Wiley, Chichester).
Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (1987). "Factors affecting thresholds for sinusoidal signals in narrow-band maskers with fluctuating envelopes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 69-79.
Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (2001). "Temporal modulation transfer functions obtained using sinusoidal carriers with normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1067-1073.
Moore, B. C. J., and Moore, G. A. (2003a). "Discrimination of the fundamental frequency of complex tones with fixed and shifting spectral envelopes by normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects," Hear. Res. 182, 153-163.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1992). "Detection of combined frequency and amplitude modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 3119-3131.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1994). "Effects of carrier frequency and background noise on the detection of mixed modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 741-751.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1995). "Effects of carrier frequency, modulation rate and modulation waveform on the detection of modulation and the discrimination of modulation type (AM vs FM)," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2468-2478.
Moore, B. C. J., and Skrodzka, E. (2002). "Detection of frequency modulation by hear- ing-impaired listeners: Effects of carrier frequency, modulation rate, and added amplitude modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 327-335.
Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., and Hopkins, K. (2006). "Frequency discrimination of complex tones by hearing-impaired subjects: Evidence for loss of ability to use temporal ne structure information," Hear. Res. 222, 16-27.
Moore, B. C. J., Peters, R. W., and Stone, M. A. (1999). "Bene ts of linear amplification and multi-channel compression for speech comprehension in backgrounds with spectral and temporal dips," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 400-411.
Moore, B. C. J., Sek, A., and Shailer, M. J. (1995). "Modulation discrimination interference for narrow-band noise modulators," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2493-2497.
Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., Gaunt, T., and Child, T. (1991). "Across-channel masking of changes in modulation depth for amplitude- and frequency-modulated signals," Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 43A, 327-347.
Moore, G. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2003b). "Perception of the low pitch of frequency-shifted complexes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 977-985.
Mott, J. B., and Feth, L. L. (1986). "Effects of the temporal properties of a masker upon simultaneous masking patterns," in Auditory Frequency Selectivity, edited by B. C. J. Moore and R. D. Patterson (Plenum, New York).
Ozimek, E., and Sek, A. (1988). "AM difference limens for noise bands," Acustica 66, 153-160.
Palmer, A. R., and Russell, I. J. (1986). "Phase-locking in the cochlear nerve of the guinea-pig and its relation to the receptor potential of inner hair-cells," Hear. Res. 24, 1-15.
Pick, G., Evans, E. F., and Wilson, J. P. (1977). "Frequency resolution in patients with hearing loss of cochlear origin," in Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing, edited by E. F. Evans and J. P. Wilson (Academic Press, London).
Plack, C. J., and Oxenham, A. J. (2005). "The psychophysics of pitch," in Pitch Percep- tion, edited by C. J. Plack, A. J. Oxenham, R. R. Fay and A. N. Popper (Springer, New York).
Ruggero, M. A. (1994). "Cochlear delays and traveling waves: Comments on 'Experimental look at cochlear mechanics'," Audiology 33, 131-142.
Santurette, S., and Dau, T. (2007). "Binaural pitch perception in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners," Hear. Res. 223, 29-47.
Schooneveldt, G. P., and Moore, B. C. J. (1987). "Comodulation masking release (CMR): effects of signal frequency, anking-band frequency, masker bandwidth, anking-band level, and monotic versus dichotic presentation of the flanking band," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1944-1956.
Schooneveldt, G. P., and Moore, B. C. J. (1989). "Comodulation masking release (CMR) as a function of masker bandwidth, modulator bandwidth and signal duration," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 273-281.
Schouten, J. F., Ritsma, R. J., and Cardozo, B. L. (1962). "Pitch of the residue," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1418-1424.
Sek, A., and Moore, B. C. J. (1995). "Frequency discrimination as a function of frequency, measured in several ways," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2479-2486.
Sellick, P. M., Patuzzi, R., and Johnstone, B. M. (1982). "Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 131-141.
Shannon, R. V. (1992). "Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2156-2164.
Srulovicz, P., and Goldstein, J. L. (1983). "A central spectrum model: a synthesis of auditory-nerve timing and place cues in monaural communication of frequency spectrum," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1266-1276.
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2004). "Side effects of fast-acting dynamic range compression that affect intelligibility in a competing speech task," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2311-2323.
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007a). "Effects of spectro-temporal modulation changes produced by multi-channel compression on intelligibility in a competing-speech task," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (submitted).
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007b). "Quantifying the effects of fast-acting compression on the envelope of speech," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 1654-1664.
Verhey, J. L., Dau, T., and Kollmeier, B. (1999). "Within-channel cues in comodulation masking release (CMR): Experiments and model predictions using a modulation-filterbank model," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2733-2745.
Wakefield, G. H., and Viemeister, N. F. (1990). "Discrimination of modulation depth of SAM noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 1367-1373.
Woolf, N. K., Ryan, A. F., and Bone, R. C. (1981). "Neural phase-locking properties in the absence of outer hair cells," Hear. Res. 4, 335-346.
Buss, E., Hall, J. W., 3rd, and Grose, J. H. (2004). "Temporal ne-structure cues to speech and pure tone modulation in observers with sensorineural hearing loss," Ear Hear. 25, 242-250.
Buus, S. (1985). "Release from masking caused by envelope fluctuations," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1958-1965.
Carney, L. H., Heinz, M. G., Evilsizer, M. E., Gilkey, R. H., and Colburn, H. S. (2002). "Auditory phase opponency: A temporal model for masked detection at low frequencies," Acta Acustica - Acustica 88, 334-346.
de Boer, E. (1956). "Pitch of inharmonic signals," Nature 178, 535-536.
Fastl, H. (1975). "Loudness and masking patterns of narrow noise bands," Acustica 33, 266-271.
Glasberg, B. R., and Moore, B. C. J. (1986). "Auditory lter shapes in subjects with unilateral and bilateral cochlear impairments," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1020-1033.
Glasberg, B. R., and Moore, B. C. J. (1990). "Derivation of auditory filter shapes from notched-noise data," Hear. Res. 47, 103-138.
Gockel, H., Moore, B. C. J., and Carlyon, R. P. (2001). "In uence of rate of change of frequency on the overall pitch of frequency modulated tones," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 701-712.
Grantham, D. W., and Wightman, F. L. (1978). "Detectability of varying interaural temporal differences," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 511-523.
Grantham, D. W., and Wightman, F. L. (1979). "Detectability of a pulsed tone in the presence of a masker with time-varying interaural correlation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1509-1517.
Hall, J. W., Haggard, M. P., and Fernandes, M. A. (1984). "Detection in noise by spectro-temporal pattern analysis," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 50-56.
Harrison, R. V., and Evans, E. F. (1979). "Some aspects of temporal coding by single cochlear fibres from regions of cochlear hair cell degeneration in the guinea pig," Arch. Otolaryngol. 224, 71-78.
Hopkins, K., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007). "Moderate cochlear hearing loss leads to a reduced ability to use temporal fine structure information," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 1055-1068.
Huss, M., and Moore, B. C. J. (2005). "Dead regions and pitch perception," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3841-3852.
Kohlrausch, A., Fassel, R., and Dau, T. (2000). "The in uence of carrier level and frequency on modulation and beat-detection thresholds for sinusoidal carriers," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 723-734.
Lacher-Fougère, S., and Demany, L. (1998). "Modulation detection by normal and hearing-impaired listeners," Audiology 37, 109-121.
Lacher-Fougère, S., and Demany, L. (2005). "Consequences of cochlear damage for the detection of interaural phase differences," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2519-2526.
Liberman, M. C., and Dodds, L. W. (1984). "Single neuron labeling and chronic cochlea pathology. III. Stereocilia damage and alterations in threshold tuning curves," Hear. Res. 16, 54-74.
Loeb, G. E., White, M. W., and Merzenich, M. M. (1983). "Spatial cross correlation: A proposed mechanism for acoustic pitch perception," Biol. Cybern. 47, 149-163.
Lorenzi, C., Gilbert, G., Carn, C., Garnier, S., and Moore, B. C. J. (2006). "Speech perception problems of the hearing impaired reflect inability to use temporal fine structure," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 103, 18866-18869.
Moore, B. C. J. (1982). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 2nd Ed. (Academic Press, London).
Moore, B. C. J. (1988). "Dynamic aspects of auditory masking," in Auditory Function: Neurobiological Bases of Hearing, edited by G. Edelman, W. Gall and W. Cowan (Wiley, New York).
Moore, B. C. J. (1992). "Across-channel processes in auditory masking," J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn. (E) 13, 25-37.
Moore, B. C. J. (2003). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, 5th Ed. (Academic Press, San Diego).
Moore, B. C. J. (2007). Cochlear Hearing Loss: Physiological, Psychological and Technical Issues (Wiley, Chichester).
Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (1987). "Factors affecting thresholds for sinusoidal signals in narrow-band maskers with fluctuating envelopes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 69-79.
Moore, B. C. J., and Glasberg, B. R. (2001). "Temporal modulation transfer functions obtained using sinusoidal carriers with normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1067-1073.
Moore, B. C. J., and Moore, G. A. (2003a). "Discrimination of the fundamental frequency of complex tones with fixed and shifting spectral envelopes by normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects," Hear. Res. 182, 153-163.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1992). "Detection of combined frequency and amplitude modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 3119-3131.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1994). "Effects of carrier frequency and background noise on the detection of mixed modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 741-751.
Moore, B. C. J., and Sek, A. (1995). "Effects of carrier frequency, modulation rate and modulation waveform on the detection of modulation and the discrimination of modulation type (AM vs FM)," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2468-2478.
Moore, B. C. J., and Skrodzka, E. (2002). "Detection of frequency modulation by hear- ing-impaired listeners: Effects of carrier frequency, modulation rate, and added amplitude modulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 327-335.
Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., and Hopkins, K. (2006). "Frequency discrimination of complex tones by hearing-impaired subjects: Evidence for loss of ability to use temporal ne structure information," Hear. Res. 222, 16-27.
Moore, B. C. J., Peters, R. W., and Stone, M. A. (1999). "Bene ts of linear amplification and multi-channel compression for speech comprehension in backgrounds with spectral and temporal dips," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 400-411.
Moore, B. C. J., Sek, A., and Shailer, M. J. (1995). "Modulation discrimination interference for narrow-band noise modulators," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2493-2497.
Moore, B. C. J., Glasberg, B. R., Gaunt, T., and Child, T. (1991). "Across-channel masking of changes in modulation depth for amplitude- and frequency-modulated signals," Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 43A, 327-347.
Moore, G. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2003b). "Perception of the low pitch of frequency-shifted complexes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 977-985.
Mott, J. B., and Feth, L. L. (1986). "Effects of the temporal properties of a masker upon simultaneous masking patterns," in Auditory Frequency Selectivity, edited by B. C. J. Moore and R. D. Patterson (Plenum, New York).
Ozimek, E., and Sek, A. (1988). "AM difference limens for noise bands," Acustica 66, 153-160.
Palmer, A. R., and Russell, I. J. (1986). "Phase-locking in the cochlear nerve of the guinea-pig and its relation to the receptor potential of inner hair-cells," Hear. Res. 24, 1-15.
Pick, G., Evans, E. F., and Wilson, J. P. (1977). "Frequency resolution in patients with hearing loss of cochlear origin," in Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing, edited by E. F. Evans and J. P. Wilson (Academic Press, London).
Plack, C. J., and Oxenham, A. J. (2005). "The psychophysics of pitch," in Pitch Percep- tion, edited by C. J. Plack, A. J. Oxenham, R. R. Fay and A. N. Popper (Springer, New York).
Ruggero, M. A. (1994). "Cochlear delays and traveling waves: Comments on 'Experimental look at cochlear mechanics'," Audiology 33, 131-142.
Santurette, S., and Dau, T. (2007). "Binaural pitch perception in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners," Hear. Res. 223, 29-47.
Schooneveldt, G. P., and Moore, B. C. J. (1987). "Comodulation masking release (CMR): effects of signal frequency, anking-band frequency, masker bandwidth, anking-band level, and monotic versus dichotic presentation of the flanking band," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1944-1956.
Schooneveldt, G. P., and Moore, B. C. J. (1989). "Comodulation masking release (CMR) as a function of masker bandwidth, modulator bandwidth and signal duration," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 273-281.
Schouten, J. F., Ritsma, R. J., and Cardozo, B. L. (1962). "Pitch of the residue," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1418-1424.
Sek, A., and Moore, B. C. J. (1995). "Frequency discrimination as a function of frequency, measured in several ways," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2479-2486.
Sellick, P. M., Patuzzi, R., and Johnstone, B. M. (1982). "Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 131-141.
Shannon, R. V. (1992). "Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2156-2164.
Srulovicz, P., and Goldstein, J. L. (1983). "A central spectrum model: a synthesis of auditory-nerve timing and place cues in monaural communication of frequency spectrum," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1266-1276.
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2004). "Side effects of fast-acting dynamic range compression that affect intelligibility in a competing speech task," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2311-2323.
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007a). "Effects of spectro-temporal modulation changes produced by multi-channel compression on intelligibility in a competing-speech task," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (submitted).
Stone, M. A., and Moore, B. C. J. (2007b). "Quantifying the effects of fast-acting compression on the envelope of speech," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 1654-1664.
Verhey, J. L., Dau, T., and Kollmeier, B. (1999). "Within-channel cues in comodulation masking release (CMR): Experiments and model predictions using a modulation-filterbank model," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2733-2745.
Wakefield, G. H., and Viemeister, N. F. (1990). "Discrimination of modulation depth of SAM noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 1367-1373.
Woolf, N. K., Ryan, A. F., and Bone, R. C. (1981). "Neural phase-locking properties in the absence of outer hair cells," Hear. Res. 4, 335-346.
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2007-12-15
How to Cite
Moore, B. C. J. (2007). The role of temporal fine structure in normal and impaired hearing. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research, 1, 249–262. Retrieved from https://proceedings.isaar.eu/index.php/isaarproc/article/view/2007-24
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2007/3. Perceptual correlates of hearing loss and auditory processing disorders
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